‘’ޏ•i
![]() |
’†‘“V•¶ŠwŽj(‘S3™e)
’Â…[gui1] ’˜ ãŠCl–¯o”Å 2004”N10ŒŽ p1603/16ŠJ/•½‘• ISBN7208053944 |
–{‘¥Ýs’†‘ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶ŠwŠÈŽjt“IŠî‘b㔓W‹N—ˆ“IC“à—e•˜_A’†‘ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶ŠwA¯ÛA“V•¶‘ªŽZA“VÛ‹IŽ–A—ð–@A—ð‘A—ì‘ä—^‹VÛAŒÃl˜_“VA’†‘‹ß‘ã“V•¶ŠwŽjA’†‘Œ»‘ã“V•¶ŠwŽjŠÈ‰î11•ÒC•¶Œ£Žj—¿ã‹Næ`A‰º–˜”Ó´A”TŽŠhˆåŠv–½˜a‰ð•úŒãB‡}381•A•\ŠiŽáбB•s‹ß‘ãiŒöŒ³1911-1948”Nj‘ЧŠÚ˜_•¶‘è–ÚõˆøtB |
–Ú˜^ | ||||
˜ | ’Â…[gui1] | |||
|
||||
‘æˆê•Ò | ˜_ | |||
‘æˆêÍ | ŠTà | |||
‘æˆêß | g“V•¶hˆêŽŒ“IŸ¼‹` | |||
‘æ“ñß | “V•¶ŠwŒ¤‹†“I‘ÎÛ | |||
‘æŽOß | “V•¶Šw“I“Áª | |||
‘æŽlß | “V•¶Šw“I•ª—Þ | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | ’†¼ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†¼ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Šw“I•£Œ¹ | |||
‘æ“ñß | ’†¼ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Šw“I”h•Ê | |||
‘æŽOß | ’†¼ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Šw“IˆÙ“¯ | |||
‘æŽlß | ’†¼ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶’mޝ“IŒð—¬ | |||
‘æŽOÍ | “V•¶—^“NŠw | |||
‘æˆêß | ‰F’ˆ¥•¨Ž¿“I | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‰F’ˆŠÔ“I•¨Ž¿¥‰^“®“I | |||
‘æŽOß | ‹óŠÔ—^ŽžŠÔ“IÙŒÀ« | |||
‘æŽlß | ç‡Ø—B•¨Žå‹`“I“V•¶—áØ | |||
‘æ“ñ•Ò | ’†‘ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æˆêÍ | ’†‘ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Šw—^è⬠| |||
‘æˆêß | ‰A—zà—^sŽüˆÕt | |||
‘æ“ñß | ŒÜsà | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | ’†‘ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Šw—^ŽZŠw | |||
‘æˆêß | “V•¶Šw‰Æ–”¥ŽZŠw‰Æ | |||
‘æ“ñß | sŽüéŽZŒot | |||
‘æŽOÍ | ’†‘—ð‘ã“V•¶ŠwŠÈ‰î | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†‘“V•¶Šw“I‹NŒ¹A”“W˜a“Á“_ | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‰Ä¤Žü“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æŽOß | `Š¿“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æŽlß | é°W“ì–k’©•¶Šw | |||
‘æŒÜß | ä@“‚“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æ˜Zß | —¼‘v“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æŽµß | —É‹àŒ³“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æ”ªß | –¾‘ã“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æ‹ãß | ´‘ã“V•¶Šw | |||
‘æŽO•Ò | ¯Û | |||
‘æˆêÍ | ¯Š¯ | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | s“VН‘t“IŒÜН | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†Š¯ | |||
‘æ“ñß | “ŒŠ¯ | |||
‘æŽOß | “슯 | |||
‘æŽlß | ¼Š¯ | |||
‘æŒÜß | –kН | |||
‘æŽOÍ | ŽlÛ | |||
‘æŽlÍ | ŽOŠ_ | |||
‘æˆêß | އ”÷Š_ | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‘¾”÷Š_ | |||
‘æŽOß | “VŽsŠ_ | |||
‘æŒÜÍ | “ñ\”ªh | |||
‘æˆêß | “ñ\”ªh“I‹NŒ¹ | |||
‘æ“ñß | “ñ\”ªh“IŠc•ª | |||
‘æŽOß | “ñ\”ªh“I‰‰•Ï | |||
‘æŽlß | o“y•¶•¨“IŒ[ަ | |||
‘æŒÜß | “ñ\”ªh“I‹—¯ | |||
‘æ˜Zß | “Œ•û޵h | |||
‘æŽµß | –k•û޵h | |||
‘æ”ªß | ¼•û޵h | |||
‘æ‹ãß | “ì•û޵h | |||
‘æ˜ZÍ | ‹ß“ì‹É¯ | |||
‘æŽµÍ | ‹â‰Í | |||
‘æ”ªÍ | •§“T’†“I¯Û | |||
‘æ‹ãÍ | ¯” | |||
‘æ\Í | ŒÃ¡•à“V‰Ì | |||
‘æ\ˆêÍ | \“ñŽŸ | |||
‘æ\“ñÍ | •ª–ì | |||
‘æ\ŽOÍ | ¯Œo | |||
‘æˆêß | ŠÃίŒo | |||
‘æ“ñß | ŒÜ¯è | |||
‘æ\ŽlÍ | ¯} | |||
‘æˆêß | ŠG‰æ¯} | |||
‘æ“ñß | ί} | |||
‘æŽOß | ••æ¯} | |||
‘æŽlß | “VÛ“º‹¾ | |||
‘æ\ŒÜÍ | ¯–¼“Il’è | |||
‘æˆêß | ´‘ãˆÈ—ˆ“Il’è | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‘ŠOŠwŽÒ“Il’è | |||
‘æŽOß | ª˜—½”Æ‹IŽ–“Il’è | |||
‘æŽlß | ¡l“Il’è | |||
‘æ\˜ZÍ | ‘Û’Ê—p¯À | |||
‘æˆêß | ¯À•ÏŠv—^ŠEü | |||
‘æ“ñß | ”ª\”ª¯À‘•\ | |||
••\ | ||||
ˆê | ŽOŠ_“ñ\”ªhŽO‘ˆÙ“¯•\ | |||
“ñ | ÎŽ¯Œo’†ŠOНZЍ•\ | |||
ŽO | ‘v‘㯊¯‹—¯¯–¼•\ | |||
Žl | —½”Æ‹IŽ–l’è“I¯–¼•\ | |||
ŒÜ | ŽOŠ_“ñ\”ªh¯–¼¯”•\ | |||
˜Z | ’†¼¯–¼‘ÎÆ•\ | |||
޵ | ¼’†¯–¼‘ÎÆ•\ | |||
”ª | P¯ê–¼‘ÎÆ•\ | |||
‘æŽl•Ò | “V•¶ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æˆêÍ | ŠÏÛŽöŽž | |||
‘æˆêß | sꟓTtŽl’†¯ | |||
‘æ“ñß | s‰Ä¬³t¯Û | |||
‘æŽOß | s—ç‹L.ŒŽ—ßt“VÛ | |||
‘æŽlß | ’C | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | ¿•W‘ÌŒn | |||
‘æˆêß | ŽOŽí¿•W | |||
‘æ“ñß | ’†‘’n•½¿•W | |||
‘æŽOß | ’†‘Ô“¹¿•W | |||
‘æŽlß | ’†‘‰©“¹¿•W | |||
‘æŒÜß | ‰©Ô“¹¿•WŠ·ŽZ | |||
‘æ˜Zß | ‰©”’“¹¿•WŠ·ŽZ | |||
‘æŽµß | ŽöŽž—ð‰©Ô“¹¿•WŠ·ŽZ | |||
‘æŽOÍ | “úçVŒŽ—£ | |||
‘æˆêß | “úçV | |||
‘æ“ñß | ŒŽ—£ | |||
‘æŽOß | Œoñ–]—^’èñ–]“IŠ·ŽZ | |||
‘æŽlß | “à‡–@ | |||
‘æŒÜß | ‘ŠŒ¸‘Š˜©—^•½—§’èŽO·–@ | |||
‘æŽlÍ | “úŒŽŒðH | |||
‘æˆêß | ŒðH“IŸ¼‹`—^•ª—Þ | |||
‘æ“ñß | “V‘̉A‰e—^ŒðHŠÖŒn | |||
‘æŽOß | “úHŠî–{’mޝ | |||
‘æŽlß | ŒŽHŠî–{’mޝ | |||
‘æŒÜß | “úŒŽH”¶ŽŸ”—^zŠÂŽüŠú | |||
‘æ˜Zß | ŒÃ‘ã“úŒŽHŒvŽZ | |||
‘æŽµß | lŒð’è“ú“IŒvŽZ | |||
‘æ”ªß | ‘埥—ð“IŒŽHŒvŽZ | |||
‘æ‹ãß | ‘埥—ð“I“úHŒvŽZ | |||
‘æ\ß | é–¾—ð“I“úHŒvŽZ | |||
‘æŒÜÍ | “úHŒvŽZŒ´— | |||
‘æˆêß | “úHŒvŽZŽù—v“I’¼Šp¿•W | |||
‘æ“ñß | “úHðŒ | |||
‘æŽOß | “úH—a•ñ | |||
‘æŽlß | ’n–ÊŒŽ‰e} | |||
‘æŒÜß | ŒŽH—^‰†¯ŒvŽZŒ´— | |||
‘æ˜Zß | “às¯—½“ú | |||
‘æŽµß | ‰q¯ŒðH | |||
‘æ˜ZÍ | ŒðHŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æˆêß | “úHŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æ“ñß | ŒŽH‹y‘´‘¼ŒðHŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŽµÍ | “V‘ÌŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æˆêß | ŒÜ¯ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æ“ñß | P¯ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŽOß | ŽqŒßüŽÀ‘ª | |||
‘æŽlß | η“I”Œ» | |||
‘æŒÜß | “ú“x—^®“x | |||
‘æ˜Zß | “úŒŽ‘å¬öŠo“I‰ðŽß | |||
‘æŽµß | qŠC“V•¶ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŒÜ•Ò | “VÛ‹IŽ– | |||
‘æˆêÍ | ’†‘“V•¶Žj—¿•¸®•ÒHì | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†‘ŒÃ‘ã“VÛ‹L˜^‘•\ | |||
‘æ“ñß | ’†‘ŒÃ‘ã“V•¶Žj—¿™¹•Ò | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | “úH‹IŽ– | |||
‘æˆêß | s‘Œot“úH | |||
‘æ“ñß | –mŽ«“úH | |||
‘æŽOß | sŽŒot“úH | |||
‘æŽlß | ŒöŒ³‘O14¢‹IŽŠŒöŒ³‘O13¢‹I’†‘“úHŽŽ’T | |||
‘æŒÜß | ’†‘—ð‘ã“úH | |||
‘æ˜Zß | ‘ŠO“úH¬Žj | |||
‘æŽOÍ | ŒŽH‹IŽ– | |||
‘æˆêß | Ÿu‘㌎H | |||
‘æ“ñß | Žü‘㌎H | |||
‘æŽOß | sŽŒotŒŽH | |||
‘æŽlß | ’†‘—ð‘㌎‘SH‰•à“Œv | |||
‘æŒÜß | “ú–{—ð‘㌎H | |||
‘æŽlÍ | ‘¾—z‹IŽ– | |||
‘æˆêß | “úàà | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‘¾—z•Žq | |||
‘æŒÜÍ | Œd›u‹q¯‹IŽ– | |||
‘æˆêß | œa¯ | |||
‘æ“ñß | Š¿•æ›å‘’†“Iœa¯} | |||
‘æŽOß | ™û—‹Œd¯ | |||
‘æŽlß | V¯ | |||
‘æ˜ZÍ | —¬è¦‹IŽ– | |||
‘æˆêß | —¬¯ | |||
‘æ“ñß | —¬¯‰J | |||
‘æŽOß | 覯 | |||
‘æŽµÍ | ŒÜ¯“®‘Ô‹IŽ– | |||
‘æ”ªÍ | ‹ÉŒõ | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†‘ŒÃ‘ã‹ÉŒõ‹L˜^ | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‹ÉŒõ“IŽí—Þ | |||
‘æŽOß | ‹ÉŒõ‚“x | |||
‘æŽlß | ‹ÉŒõŒõ•ˆ—^¬ˆö | |||
‘æŒÜß | ŠÖ˜°–k‹ÉŒõ“I“Œv | |||
‘æ˜Z•Ò | —ð–@ | |||
‘æˆêÍ | —ð“I—v‘f | |||
‘æˆêß | ”NAŒŽA“úAŽž | |||
‘æ“ñß | бŽx‹I–@ | |||
‘æŽOß | “ñ\ŽlŸƒ | |||
‘æŽlß | ‰[Žü | |||
‘æŒÜß | ŒÃ‘㎡—ð“I•û–@ | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | —ð‘ã—ð–@ | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†‘—ð–@‘Žq | |||
‘æ“ñß | æ`—ð–@ | |||
‘æŽOß | —¼Š¿—ð–@ | |||
‘æŽlß | é°W“ì–k’©—ð–@ | |||
‘æŒÜß | ä@“‚ŒÜ‘ã—ð–@ | |||
‘æ˜Zß | ‘v—É‹àŒ³—ð–@ | |||
‘æŽµß | –¾´—ð–@ | |||
‘æŽOÍ | ”–¯‘°—ð–@ | |||
‘æˆêß | ‘ —ð | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‰ñ—ð | |||
‘æŽOß | [dai3]—ð | |||
‘æŽlß | œR—ð | |||
‘æŒÜß | ˆê±”–¯‘°—ð–@ | |||
‘æŽlÍ | ¢ŠE—ð–@ŠT‹µ | |||
‘æˆêß | šº‹y—ð | |||
‘æ“ñß | ”b”ä—Ï—ð | |||
‘æŽOß | Šóäc—ð | |||
‘æŽlß | ๑¾—ð | |||
‘æŒÜß | ˆó“x—ð | |||
‘æ˜Zß | àó‰ë—ð | |||
‘æŽµß | ˆÉŽz—–—ð | |||
‘æ”ªß | “Œ“숟‘‰Æ—ð–@ | |||
‘æ‹ãß | Œö—ð-Ši—ñ—ð | |||
‘掵•Ò | —ð–@ | |||
‘æˆêÍ | ŒÃ—ð‘ | |||
‘æˆêß | ŸuœŠÈ | |||
‘æ“ñß | Š¿’|ŠÈ—𕈠| |||
‘æŽOß | Š¿sŒÜ¯èt | |||
‘æŽlß | Š¿–ØŠÈ—ð‘ | |||
‘æŒÜß | “‚‘v—ð‘ | |||
‘æ˜Zß | ‘v‰ï“V—ð‘ | |||
‘æŽµß | ´ŽžŒ›‘ | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | ŽžŒ›‘•Ò‘¢–@ | |||
‘æŽOÍ | g“V‘h”Ê“I‰©—ð | |||
‘æŽlÍ | –ÀM—ð–@ | |||
‘æˆêß | –ÀM | |||
‘æ“ñß | бŽxŒÜsà | |||
‘æŽOß | ‹ã¯à | |||
‘æŽlß | ˜Z—j | |||
‘æŒÜß | \“ñ’¼ | |||
‘æ˜Zß | ‰©“¹‹g“ú | |||
‘攪•Ò | —ì‘ä—^‹VÛ | |||
‘æˆêÍ | —ì‘ä | |||
‘æˆêß | ŽüŒö‘ªŒi‘ä | |||
‘æ“ñß | —Œ—zŠ¿é°—ì‘äˆâš¬ | |||
‘æŽOß | Œ³ŠÏ¯‘ä‹y—Ê“VŽÚ | |||
‘æŽlß | –k‹žŒÃŠÏÛ‘ä | |||
‘æŒÜß | …‰^‹VÛ‘ä | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | ‘ªŒiŠí | |||
‘æˆêß | Œ\•\ | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‰e•\ŽÚ | |||
‘æŽOß | “ú[gui3] | |||
‘æŽlß | `Š¿“ú[gui3] | |||
‘æŽOÍ | [xuan2][ji1]‹Êt | |||
‘æŽlÍ | ˜Ršå—^˜R | |||
‘æˆêß | ˜Ršå | |||
‘æ“ñß | ˜R | |||
‘æŒÜÍ | ŸÓ‹V—^ŸÓÛ | |||
‘æˆêß | ŸÓ‹V“I‰ˆŠv | |||
‘æ“ñß | ŸÓÛŒ¹—¬ | |||
‘æ˜ZÍ | Œ»‘¶“IŒÃ‘ã‹VÛ | |||
‘æˆêß | –¾´‹VÛŠTq | |||
‘æ“ñß | Œ»‘¶–¾‘ã‹VÛ | |||
‘æŽOß | Œ»‘¶´‘ã‹VÛ | |||
‘æ‹ã•Ò | ŒÃl˜_“V | |||
‘æˆêÍ | “V’n‹NŒ¹à | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | “Vù’n“®à | |||
‘æˆêß | ’n“®à | |||
‘æ“ñß | ¶ùà˜a‰Eùà | |||
‘æŽOÍ | Š¿‘ã˜_“VŽO‰Æ | |||
‘æˆêß | ᳓Và | |||
‘æ“ñß | ŸÓ“Và | |||
‘æŽOß | ŸÓ᳇ˆêà | |||
‘æŽlß | é–éà | |||
‘æŽlÍ | ˜Z’©˜_“VŽO‰Æ | |||
‘æŒÜÍ | s“V–ât‹y‘´ŒãŠw | |||
‘æˆêß | s“V–ât | |||
‘æ“ñß | “V’n•”•ª‘I‘ð | |||
‘æ\•Ò | ’†‘‹ß‘ã“V•¶ŠwŽj | |||
‘æˆêÍ | ’†‘‹ß‘ã“V•¶Ž–‹ÆšùŠîl-‚˜D | |||
‘æˆêß | ¶•½ŠÈq | |||
‘æ“ñß | •WV—§ˆÙC—§‘«‰üŠv | |||
‘æŽOß | šnŠw¬•ÈC›öŒð’mŒÈ | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | އ‹àŽR˜a–P™€ŽR—¼“V•¶‘ä‘nŒšl-—]¼ | |||
‘æˆêß | ¶•½ŠÈq | |||
‘æ“ñß | Šwpã“I¬A | |||
‘æŽOß | —¼ŽR“V•¶‘ä“I‘nŽnl | |||
‘æŽOÍ | “V•¶Œ¤‹†Š÷\ | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†‰›ŠÏÛ‘ä | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‘—§’†‰›Œ¤‹†‰@“V•¶Œ¤‹†Š | |||
‘æŽOß | “‡ŠÏÛ‘ä | |||
‘æŽlß | ãŠC™‰Æ™¹“V•¶‘ä—^[she2]ŽR“V•¶‘ä | |||
‘æŽlÍ | “V•¶‹³ˆçŠ÷\ | |||
‘æˆêß | ‘—§’†ŽR‘åŠw“V•¶Œn | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‘S‘—¤’n‘ª—Ê‘‹Ç“V•¶ŠÏ‘ªŠ | |||
‘æŽOß | ĘD‘åŠw“VŽZŒn‹y‘´‘¼ | |||
‘æŽlß | ‘ä˜pÈ“I“V•¶ÝŽ{ŠÈ‰î | |||
‘æŒÜÍ | ŒQO«“IŠwp’c‘Ì | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†‘“V•¶Šw‰ï | |||
‘æ“ñß | ’†‘“úHŠÏ‘ªˆÏˆõ‰ï | |||
‘æŽOß | ’†‘“V•¶ˆÏˆõ‰ï | |||
‘æŽlß | —ð–@Œ¤‹†‰ï | |||
‘æ˜ZÍ | ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æˆêß | ‘¾—z•ŽqŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æ“ñß | ‘¾—z•ªŒõŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŽOß | “úHŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŽlß | —¬è¦ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŒÜß | œa¯ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æ˜Zß | •ϯŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŽµß | V¯ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æ”ªß | ‘´‘¼ŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æ‹ãß | ŒoˆÜ“xŠÏ‘ª | |||
‘æŽµÍ | Œ¤‹†‹yŒ¤‹†˜_•¶ | |||
‘æ”ªÍ | o”Å•¨ | |||
‘æˆêß | Ч•¨˜_•¶õˆø | |||
‘æ“ñß | }‘õˆø | |||
‘æ‹ãÍ | Š´‘z—^Šú–] | |||
‘æˆêß | Š´‘z | |||
‘æ“ñß | Šú–] | |||
‘æ\ˆê•Ò | ’†‘Œ»‘ã“V•¶ŠwŽjŠÈ‰î | |||
‘æˆêÍ | “V•¶Œ¤‹†Š÷\ | |||
‘æˆêß | ’²®A[ŽÀA°“W“I“V•¶‘äâ‹ | |||
‘æ“ñß | VŒš“V•¶‘äâ‹ | |||
‘æŽOß | ‘´‘¼VŒš“V•¶’PˆÊ | |||
‘æ“ñÍ | “V•¶‹³ˆçŠ÷\ | |||
‘æˆêß | “싞‘åŠw“V•¶Œn | |||
‘æ“ñß | –k‹žŽt”Í‘åŠw“V•¶Œn | |||
‘æŽOß | –k‹ž‘åŠw’n‹…•¨—Œn“V‘Ì•¨—ê‹Æ | |||
‘æŽlß | ’†‘‰ÈŠw‹Zp‘åŠw“V‘Ì•¨—Œ¤‹†Žº | |||
‘æŽOÍ | “V•¶•‹yw’n | |||
‘æˆêß | –k‹ž“V•¶ŠÙ | |||
‘æ“ñß | Še’n“V•¶•‹yw’nŒšÝŠÈ‹µ | |||
‘æŽlÍ | ŒQOŠwp’c‘Ì | |||
‘æˆêß | ’†‘“V•¶Šw‰ï | |||
‘æ“ñß | –k‹žÂ”N“V•¶ˆ¤DŽÒ‹¦‰ï | |||
‘æŒÜÍ | ¡“ú‘ä˜pÈ“V•¶Ž–‹Æ | |||
|
||||
•˜^ | ‹ß‘ãiŒöŒ³1911-1948”Nj‘ЧŠÚ˜_•¶‘è–Úõˆø | |||
æë | ||||
ˆê | s’†‘“V•¶ŠwŽjt•Ҏʉߒö | |||
“ñ | ’†‘“ÁF“I‰A—z—ð | |||
•ÒŒã˜b | ||||
|